text

Via Flickr:
The National Gallery of Canada gradually became morphed into my memory palace, a mnemonic device where social histories began to reveal themselves as one perspective merged into another. Renaissance perspective was too linear, too Hegelian for the way in which I wanted to revisit communal memories. I began to see the gallery spaces through an Escherian perspective where each art work opened into a panorama, a vista of social histories.

Selected Timeline of Related Events in the Social History of Moral Limits of Markets

Barely begun, work in process. Please note that efforts are made to acknowledge sources but this is a blog post not an academic paper and there might be unintentional omissions. See webliography and bibliography.

2012-10-15 Roth received a Nobel Prize for his innovative exchange concept applied to kidney transplants. In a 2007 article he noted that his exchange concept may have been repugnant to some as it created a grey area in benefits from organ donations. Economists Alvin E. Roth of Harvard University and Lloyd S. Shapley of the University of California at Los Angeles whose work has led to nearly 2,000 kidney transplants across the United States have received 2012 Nobel Prize for economics Monday at a news conference in Stockholm, Sweden.  Roth and Shapley were honored for “the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design.” (Smith 2012-10-15 ”  Nobel economists’ big impact: Kidney transplants ). See also Roth, Alvin E. 2007. “Repugnance as a Constraint on Markets.” Journal of Economic Perspectives. Summer: 21:3. pp. 37–58.

2012-07-12 In a book review entitled “Money and the markets: Insatiable longing,” The Economist examined limits of capitalism.

2012-04-24 Michael J. Sandel’s book entitled What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets was published. Sandel asks, “Should we pay children to read books or to get good grades? Should we allow corporations to pay for the right to pollute the atmosphere? What about hiring mercenaries to fight our wars? Auctioning admission to elite universities? Selling citizenship to immigrants willing to pay? (Amazon)”

2007 “The laws against buying or selling kidneys reflect a reasonably widespread repugnance, and this repugnance may make it difficult for arguments that focus only on the gains from trade to make headway in changing these laws. That does not mean that no gains from exchange can be realized; in fact some gains are beginning to be realized in the kidney exchange programs that Tayfun So¨nmez, UtkuU¨ nver, and I helped to design in New England and elsewhere. In the simplest form of kidney exchange, a patient with a willing donor who has an incompatible blood type (or who is incompatible for another reason) can exchange a kidney with another such incompatible patient–donor pair. (That is, the pairs are matched so that the donor from one pair is compatible with the patient from the other, and each patient receives a kidney from the other patient’s donor.) This sort of “in kind” exchange has gained acceptance in the transplant community (Roth, Alvin E. 2007. “Repugnance as a Constraint on Markets.” Journal of Economic Perspectives. Summer: 21:3. pp. 37–58.).1″

2005-02-09 Michael J. Sandel presented his paper entitled the “The Moral Limits of Markets” in which he raised these questions: “Are there some things that should not be bought and sold, and, if so, why? The proliferation of markets in recent years makes this issue difficult to avoid. Consider, for example, recent proposals to establish markets in organs for transplantation, the race among medical entrepreneurs to patent human genes and other life forms, the aggressive marketing of drugs as consumer goods, and the proliferation of for-profit schools, hospitals, and prisons. The rampant commodification, commercialization, and privatization of contemporary life give us reason to reconsider the moral limits of markets: Are there some things that money should not buy?” (Hoffmann and Sandel 2005-02-09).

2003-07 [T]he U.S. Department of Defense included terrorist attacks or terrorism futures market in a speculative list of  predictive markets. Public repugnance forced the Pentagon to hastily cancel the program (wiki).

1990 “[T]he Clean Air Act was amended to allow trading of rights to pollute through tradable emissions entitlements (Roth 2007).”

1980s Alvin E. Roth of Harvard University’s market design experiments based on Shapley’s 1960s work were used for such matches as students with schools and organ donors with patients who need a transplant  (Smith 2012-10-15 ”  Nobel economists’ big impact: Kidney transplants ). See also Roth, Alvin E. 2007. “Repugnance as a Constraint on Markets.” Journal of Economic Perspectives. Summer: 21:3. pp. 37–58.

1960s Economist Lloyd S. Shapley co-developed a mathematical theory on resource allocation as applied to the job market (Smith 2012-10-15 ”  Nobel economists’ big impact: Kidney transplants ). See also Roth, Alvin E. 2007. “Repugnance as a Constraint on Markets.” Journal of Economic Perspectives. Summer: 21:3. pp. 37–58.

1907 George Simmel’s book on economic sociology entitled The Philosophy of Money  was published. Simmel investigated the consequences as money penetrated everyday life. “Hannes Böhringer has argued, “Money…objectifies the ‘style of life’, forces metropolitan people into ‘objectivity’, ‘indifference’, ‘intellectuality’, ‘lack of character’, ‘lack of quality’. Money socializes human beings as strangers…money also transforms human beings into res absolutae, into objects. Simmel’s student, Georg Lukács, correctly noticed that this objectification (in his words: reification and alienation) did not remain external, cannot, as Simmel maintained, be the ‘gatekeeper of the innermost elements’, but rather itself becomes internalized (H.Böhringer, ‘Die “Philosophie des Geldes” als ästhetische Theorie’, in H.J.Dahme and O.Rammstedt (eds), Georg Simmel und die Moderne, Frankfurt, Suhrkamp, 1984, pp. 178–82, esp. p. 182. cited in Simmel, Georg. 2004 [1907]. The Philosophy of Money. Third enlarged edition. Ed. David Frisby. Trans. Tom Bottomore and David Frisby from a first draft by Kaethe Mengelberg. London and New York.)” Roth ( 2007) cited Simmel (1907 as a starting point in sociology literature on “how the introduction of money changes many kinds of social relationships and their meanings.”

Who’s Who?

Michael J. Sandel “is professor of government at Harvard University, where he has taught political philosophy in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences since 1980. He was educated at Brandeis University and received his Ph.D. from Balliol College, Oxford University, where he was a Rhodes Scholar. He is a member of the National Constitution Center Advisory Panel, the Rhodes Scholarship Committee of Selection, the Shalom Hartman Institute of Jewish Philosophy, and the Council on Foreign Relations. He has received fellowships from the Ford Foundation, the American Council of Learned Societies, and the National Endowment for the Humanities. He is the author, most recently, of Democracy’s Discontent: America in Search of a Public Philosophy (1996), as well as Liberalism and Its Critics (1984) and Liberalism and the Limits of Justice (1982) (Tanner Lectures Introduction. 1998-05-11/12. “What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets).” While at Balliol College, Oxford, as a Rhodes Scholar, Sandel studied under political philosopher Charles Taylor.
[edit]

Selected Webliography and Bibliography

The Economist. 2012-07-12. “Money and the markets: Insatiable longing.” The Economist.

Hoffmann, Stanley; Sandel, Michael J. 2005-02-09. “Markets, Morals, and Civic Life”  Introduction by Stanley Hoffmann. Presented at the 1887th Stated Meeting, held at the House of the Academy. http://www.amacad.org/publications/bulletin/Summer2005/MarketsMoralsCivitLife.pdf

Roth, Alvin E. 2007. “Repugnance as a Constraint on Markets.” Journal of Economic Perspectives. Summer: 21:3. pp. 37–58.

Sandel, Michael J. 1996. Democracy’s Discontent.  Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Amazon.

Sandel, Michael J. 1998-05-11/12. “What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets.” The Tanner Lectures on Human Values. Delivered at Brasenose College, Oxford.

Sandel, Michael J. 2005. “The Moral Limits of Markets.” Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Summer: 6–10.

Sandel, Michael J. 2012-04-24. What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Simmel, Georg. 1907. The Philosophy of Money. 

Smith, Aaron. 2012-10-15. “Nobel economists’ big impact: Kidney transplants.” CNN Money.

The map traces place names in the novel but fiction and reality overlap at times. In The Economist. 2012-06-23. “Blooming horrible: Nutrient pollution is a growing problem all along the Mississippi.”

“On its long journey south the water has scooped up nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, mainly from the fields of the Midwest. So much so that agriculture’s gift to the gulf is a “dead zone”. The excess nutrients cause algae to bloom, consuming all the available oxygen in the sea, making it hostile to other forms of marine life. Creatures that can swim away, such as shrimp and fish, do so; those that cannot, die. In the four decades since the dead zone was discovered it has grown steadily. Today it covers 6,700 square miles, an area larger than Connecticut (The Economist 2012-06-23).”

See wikipedia article on dead zones currently being updated.

Chicago and the Mississippi River Delta.

I am entranced by wiki tools.

Wiki codes are improving constantly in pace with wiki content. Much of wikipedia is produced, maintained, created and edited through the work of countless volunteers.

When I find a tiny chunk of data that is not tied to an index I sometimes feel compelled to link it hoping that it will help someone else or even my future self. It might save time later.

Wikipedia lets me do that.

I can correct someone else’s minor error. They can correct mine.

I can make a major change to an article and someone else can make a major change to mine.

When I want to learn better practices in codes I can look up a {{Good article}} for examples.

There are always more experienced wikipedia editors who check for errors, inconsistencies, weaknesses, oversights (especially in the use of referenced material, too close paraphrasing etc).

Most recent finds:

* References
==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

*Further Reading
===Further Reading===
*{{cite book
}}

*Notes
===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=notes}}

*Categories:
*Countries
Contents [hide]
1 Themed lists
1.1 Demographics
1.2 Economy
1.2.1 Gross domestic product
1.2.2 Industrial Output
1.2.3 Agriculture
1.3 Environment
1.4 Geography
1.5 Military
1.6 Names
1.7 Politics
1.8 Sports
1.9 Tourism
1.10 Transport
1.11 Miscellaneous
2 References

*Citation template that shows how to add page numbers for distinct inline references without having page number show up in list of references. So simple!

{{cite news
|title= A Magnitsky law for Europe
|author=
|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e18677dc-54d8-11e2-a628-00144feab49a.html
|newspaper= ”[[The Financial Times]]”
|date= January 3, 2013 (paper edition)
|accessdate=5 January 2013
}} p. 8.

*Multiple authors
|first1=George
|last1=Monbiot
|authorlink=George Monbiot
|first2=
|last2=

*Linking offsite urls Firestone Duncan[http://www.firestone-duncan.com/]

*Some articles are much more developed and can be used as models for a variety of templates. I try to use the more recent articles for the more recent templates. The wiki article on Steve Jobs is one of those.

References and sources:

Reliability

“Social networking sites (Facebook, MySpace), blogs etc. are NOT reliable, while newspaper articles, magazines (Time Magazine), books etc. ARE reliable (wikipedia editing page re: Steve Jobs’ article.”

Wikipedia Template for References

Generating the full bibliography and webliography at the end of the article

At the end of the article the following code generates the complete bibliographic reference list in wikipedia’s perferred bibliographic style. I prefer to fill in the templates manually to ensure all relevant data is included. It takes longer but may prevent the loss of a reference if an url becomes a dead end.

==My Common Mistakes==

day= is deprecated – use |date= if all three components are available

city vs location

format=PDF not .pdf as I use

|accessdate=

[[capillary action|capillary forces]]  the second one is the one that displays?

==link to main article within an article==
{{Main|Global warming}}

==How to link a phrase to outside sites==

[http://www.cees.iupui.edu/Research/Water_Resources/CIWRP/Algae_Information/Presentations/2010-06-17-Symposium/2010-06-17_Lehman-Whole_Lake_Experiments.pdf |Whole Lake Experiments]

==ref name= / ==
Does the name need “”? No

==creating categories==

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
{{reflist|25em|refs=

Individual bibliographic/webliographic entries

1. New! editor replaced <ref>Gregory S. Aldrete (2004), ”Daily Life in the Roman City: Rome, Pompeii and Ostia”, p. 78, ISBN 978-0-313-33174-9</ref> with

{{sfn|Aldrete|2004|pp=79f.}} and {{sfn|Aldrete|2004|pp=78-9}} and {{sfn|Aldrete|2004|pp=79 ff.}} for exact page numbers! great, wondered how to do that.

1. This <ref> “Whole Lake Experiment, Ford Lake, Prof Lehman”[ http://www.cees.iupui.edu/Research/Water_Resources/CIWRP/Algae_Information/Presentations/2010-06-17-Symposium/2010-06-17_Lehman-Whole_Lake_Experiments.pdf%5D</ref&gt; replaced with this <ref>[http://www.cees.iupui.edu/Research/Water_Resources/CIWRP/Algae_Information/Presentations/2010-06-17-Symposium/2010-06-17_Lehman-Whole_Lake_Experiments.pdf "Whole Lake Experiment, Ford Lake, Prof Lehman"]</ref>

Each bibliographic entry has a <ref> </ref>to open and close each reference.

It is preferable to use eg <ref name=”Rawls”> when using several citations from the same article.

• {{Cite album-notes}}, {{Cite book}}, {{Cite conference}}, {{Cite DVD-notes}}, {{Cite encyclopedia}}, {{Cite interview}}, {{Cite journal}} Includes magazines, journals, academic papers, {{Cite mailing list}}, {{Cite manual}}, {{Cite music release notes}}, {{Cite map}}, {{Cite news}}, {{Cite newsgroup}}, {{Cite podcast}}, {{Cite press release}}, {{Cite serial}}, {{Cite sign}}, {{cite speech}}, {{cite techreport}},
• {{Cite thesis}}, {{Cite video}}, {{Cite web}},
• See Wikipedia Template:Cite web {{cite web}} horizontal

  • Day Month Year

    {{cite news |title= |first= |last= |url= |newspaper= |date= |accessdate=3 June 2012}}

  Month Day, Year

  {{cite news |title= |first= |last= |url= |newspaper= |date= |accessdate=June 3, 2012}}

• See Wikipedia Template:Cite news {{Cite news}}
• <ref>{{cite web
  |url=
  |title=
  |author=
  |publisher=
  |city=
  |year=
  |month=
  |day=
  |page=
  |accessdate=December 4, 2011
  |}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
  |url=
  |title=
  |author=
  |publisher=
  |city=
  |year=
  |month=
  |day=
  |accessdate=
  |}}</ref>

  • Using authorlink to link to article about the author on Wikipedia

    • <ref>{{cite news | first=George | last=Monbiot | authorlink=George Monbiot | title=From toxic waste to toxic assets, the same people always get dumped on | url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cif-green/2009/sep/21/global-fly-tipping-toxic-waste | newspaper=The Guardian | location=London | date=22 September 2009 }}</ref>

Examples:

<ref>
{{cite book
|year=2007
|contribution=C. Mitigation in the short and medium term (until 2030).
|title= Summary for Policymakers.
|series=Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
|editor=B. Metz ”et al.”
|publisher=Print version: [[Cambridge University Press]], Cambridge, U.K., and New York, N.Y., U.S.A.. This version: IPCC website
|isbn=9780521880114
|author=IPCC
|url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/spmsspm-c.html
|accessdate=May 15 2010
}}
</ref>

<ref>
{{
|title=The universe in short
|first1=Stephen W.
|last1=Hawking
|publisher=Bantam Books
|year=2001
|isbn=9780553802023
|page=26
|
}}
</ref>

<ref>
{{Citation
|title=The Nobel prize: a history of genius, controversy, and prestige
|first1=Burton
|last1=Feldman
|publisher=Arcade Publishing
|year=2001
|isbn=1-559-70592-2
|page=141
|url=http://books.google.com/?id=xnckeeTICn0C}}, [http://books.google.com/books?id=xnckeeTICn0C&pg=PA141 Page 141]
}}</ref>

In 1901, Einstein had a paper on the [[capillary action|capillary forces]] of a straw published in the prestigious ”[[Annalen der Physik]]”.
<ref>
{{Citation
|last = Galison
|first = Peter
|authorlink = Peter Galison
|title = Einstein’s Clocks, Poincaré’s Maps: Empires of Time
|publisher = W.W. Norton
|location = New York
|year = 2003
|isbn = 0393020010 }}
</ref>

Further Reading

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|title=Geo-Engineering Climate Change: Environmental Necessity or Pandora’s Box?|
editor1-first=Brian|editor1-last=[[Brian Launder|Launder]]|editor2-first=J. Michael T. |editor2-last=Thompson|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|date=December 2009|isbn=978-0-521-198035}}
*{{cite book|author=[[Eli Kintisch]]|year=2010|title=Hack the Planet: Science’s Best Hope, or Worst Nightmare, for Averting Climate Catastrophe|isbn=978-0470524268}}
*{{cite book|author=Jeff Goodell|authorlink=Jeff Goodell|year=2010|title=How to Cool the Planet: Geoengineering and the Audacious Quest to Fix Earth’s Climate|isbn=978-0618990610}}
* {{cite journal| journal= [[Nature (journal)|Nature]]| volume= 447| pages= 132–136| date=May 10, 2007 | doi=10.1038/447132a| title=Climate change: Is this what it takes to save the world?| first=Oliver| last= Morton| pmid= 17495899| issue= 7141}} –Abstract only, full article requires payment.
*{{cite book|author=[[James Rodger Fleming]]|publisher=[[Columbia University Press]]|date=September 15, 2010|title=Fixing the Sky: The Checkered History of Weather and Climate Control|isbn=978-0231144124}}
*[http://www.irgc.org/-Granger-Morgan-.html Granger Morgan], Katharine Ricke (2010). ”An Opinion Piece for [http://www.irgc.org IRGC]. Cooling the Earth Through Solar Radiation Management: The need for research and an approach to its governance.” ISBN 978-2-9700672-8-3

For references that are cited several times in the same article use this for subsequent references:

<ref> name=”rawls” <ref />

Translations
({{fr}}:)

(French: ”Ministère de l’Écologie, du Développement durable, des Transports et du Logement”, ”’MEDDTL”’)

{{Language icon|en|English}}
{{documentation}}

Duplication Detector

Duplication Detector ”is a tool used to compare any two web pages to identify text which has been copied from one to the other. It can compare two Wikipedia pages to one another, two versions of a Wikipedia page to one another, a Wikipedia page (current or old revision) to an external page, or two external pages to one another. Duplication detector locates passages in which the text on the two pages is the same (wiki article).”

Dead Link

Link Rot, linkrot, link death, link breaking, broken link, dangling link are links that point to a source that is unavailable or do not work. Wikipedia editors are concerned about link rot and encourage the use of services like  WebCite, that provide on-demand web archiving.  WebCite, archives copies of online links that remain available even if the original link is a dead link.  The New York Times and wordpress offers the service of a permalink. para wiki

Wikipedia also recommends the Wayback Machine which takes webpage snapshots.

The following codes etc are from the wikipedia article entitled Faye Wong created and frequently edited by User:Fayenatic london, is administrator on English Wikipedia. Fayenatic london is among the 800 most active editors on Wikipedia.

How to create a quote box:

dead urls can also be archived here

|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20050323175527/

http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/gwr5/content_pages/record.asp?recordid=54458

|archivedate=23 March 2005

quotation

Centered (but not floating any more):

{{Quote box
 |quote  = Cry "Havoc," and let slip the dogs of war.
 |source = [[William Shakespeare]], ''[[Julius Caesar (play)|Julius Caesar]]'', Act III, Scene I.
 |width  = 50%
 |align  = center
}}
{{Lorem ipsum}}

————-

Linking to other wikipedia articles when the titles are not identical

since [[Mainland Chinese|Mainlanders]] were [[stereotyped]]

————–

film [[Confucius (2010 film)|''Confucius'']] was released

I submitted the online paper entitled “Bridges and Barriers: Perspectives from the Road to Nowhere: Locating the ‘Participatory in Research and ‘Research’ in Participatory‘” in June, 2003.

Paradigm, a cognitive road map that encompasses ontology, epistemology and methodology

“The paradigm encompasses ontology (the nature of reality); epistemology (how we know and the relationship between the knower and the known) and the methodology (how we gain knowledge about the world, of which PAR is one approach). A paradigm is socially constructed and depends on a basic set of beliefs that guide action. It is a worldview, a basic set of beliefs that define the nature of the human subject, the relationships between human subject and the world. Paradigmic beliefs depend as much on faith as any philosophical belief. Paradigms can be so inclusive that they encompass worlds within worlds or as narrow as orthodox positivism (Denzin, 1994).”